Clinical pharmacology is a branch of pharmacology that deals with the study of the effects of new or drugs already on the market on humans and the use of drugs use in clinical practice. The main objective of clinical pharmacology is to ensure the safety and efficacy of drugs when administered to patients. Clinical pharmacology (German translation: klinische Pharmakologie) bridges the gap between experimental pharmacology and applied medicine.

The most important aspects of clinical pharmacology include:

• Clinical trials: Clinical pharmacology organizes and conducts clinical trials (translation into German: klinische Prüfungen) of drugs on humans. These trials include phases ranging from safety and dosing studies in healthy volunteers (Phase I) to controlled clinical trials in patients (Phases II, III and IV). The aim of clinical trials is to determine a safe and effective dosage and to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of the drug.
• Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics: Clinical pharmacology examines how drugs interact with the body (pharmacodynamics) and how they are “processed” in the body (pharmacokinetics). This includes the study of the absorption, distribution, biotransformation and excretion of drugs.
• Dose determination: Clinical pharmacology determines the ideal dosage of drugs in order to maximize their efficacy while minimizing side effects. In addition, the optimal application route is determined depending on the properties of the active pharmaceutical ingredient and the disease to be treated.
• Monitoring and evaluation of efficacy: Clinical pharmacology involves the monitoring of patients in order to assess the efficacy of a drug treatment and subsequently adjust the dosage if necessary.
• Research on side effects: The study of adverse drug reactions (German: unerwünschte Arzneimittelwirkungen) involves assessing potential risks and developing methods to prevent or treat side effects.
• Treatment individualization: Clinical pharmacology accounts for individual patient characteristics such as age, sex, genetic factors and the presence of comorbidities in order to determine the best treatment approach.

Clinical pharmacology plays a key role in the development and application of drugs for the treatment and prevention of various diseases. This discipline helps to ensure patient safety and maximize the efficacy of drug treatment.

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