Ointments are semi-solid dosage forms that are usually applied to the skin or mucous membranes for topical treatment. Ointments (German translation: Salben) can have different textures, from pasty to creamy, and they are intended for different purposes. They can be nourishing or protective. If ointments contain an active pharmaceutical ingredient, they can also be used to treat skin diseases or relieve pain, for example. In contrast to creams (translation into German: Cremes), ointments consist of a single-phase, homogeneous base that is usually lipophilic but can also be hydrophilic (i.e. water-absorbent).

Here are some types of ointments and their uses:

• Protective ointments: These ointments form a protective barrier on the skin that prevents irritation and reduces the effects of external factors such as water, cold air or chemicals.
• Therapeutic ointments: These ointments contain active pharmaceutical ingredients intended for the treatment of various skin conditions such as skin rashes, eczema, burns, fungal infections, etc.
• Pain-relieving ointments: They may contain analgesics and can be used to relieve muscle and joint pain.
• Antiseptic ointments: They contain antiseptic substances that prevent infections and accelerate the healing process of minor wounds and abrasions.

Like other semi-solid dosage forms (German: halbfeste Arzneiformen), ointments are usually applied directly to the area to be treated and, depending on their composition, are either absorbed or remain on the surface of the skin. They can be used alone or in combination with other drugs such as tablets or injections, depending on the type and location of the disease.

The use of ointments is also based on the doctor’s instructions and the information on the packaging of the medication.

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